Circulatory System Quiz Review

The Pulmonary system carries deoxygenated blood out from the pulmonary arteries to the lungs, so that it can become oxygenated. Oxygenated blood then comes back from the lungs through the pulmonary veins, and into the left atrium. From there, the systemic system comes into play. The systemic system carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. Arteries are thick-walled, and carry oxygenated blood throughout the body. Veins are thinner-walled, and carry deoxygenated blood throughout the body; they are thicker in diameter and contain many valves, to prevent blood from flowing backward due to gravitational forces. Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood blood; pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood.

Blood flow from the common carotid artery to the aorta:

common carotid artery -> brain -> jugular vein -> superior vena cava -> right atrium -> av (tricuspid) valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary semilunar valve -> pulmonary trunk -> pulmonary arteries -> lungs -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> av (bicuspid/mitral) valve -> left ventricle -> aortic semilunar valve -> aorta

Three major modifications of the fetal circulation system are the foramenovale, ductus arteriosis, and ductus venosus. The foramenovale is a hole in the heart, located in between the atria; blood flows through this hole to bypass the lungs, as a fetus is not required to breathe. The ductus arteriosis is a hole in between the pulmonary trunk and aorta, which is also for blood to bypass the lungs. The ductus venosus is a channel in the fetus, joining the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava; it carries oxygen rich blood from the placenta to the baybee.