Unit 1 Review

Hey there, Bio ..

Water

• breaks down nutrients
• is stuck together by cohesive, polar covalent hydrogen bonds
• helps the body get rid of waste (as a components of urine and sweat)
• regulates our temperature because it has a high specific heat capacity
• lubricates joints
• is a universal solvent
• protects our brains
• is polar, which allows hydrogen bonding

Digestive System

Oh boy, I sure hope these show up.

Sorry for being lazy D:

This, basically, is the terms.

• Swallowing is the act of pushing the bolus of food down into the esophagus. Peristalsis is what acts upon the food from this point on; it is the name of the contractions of the muscle layers present in the digestive tract.
• The pancreas is the source gland for insulin. Insulin maintains blood glucose levels by either up taking the intake of glucose, storing it, or releasing it into the blood.
• The liver produces bile, stores glucose as glycogen, detoxifies alcohol and toxins from blood, processes nutrients from small intestine, produces blood proteins, and converts amonia in to urea.
• Bile emulsifies fats by breaking them down so they can be digested and absorbed as easily as possible. 
• The small intestine is equipped for both chemical and physical digestion. Physical digestion is done by peristalsis, and the villi and microvilli. The small intestine receives enzymes and secretions from the pancreas to aid in chemical digestion. 
• Villi and microvilli are present in the small intestine; their purpose is to maximize nutrient absorption. Glucose and amino acids are absorbed into the capillaries within the villi, are taken into the blood stream, and are sent to the liver. Fatty acids and glycerol are absorbed into the lacteal of the villi, and travel in the lymphatic system.

• The anaerobic bacteria in the colon prevents the growth of harmful bacteria. By taking up space in the colon, it limits the growth of pathogenic bacteria .
• Water helps break down molecules into their monomers.
• Sodium bicarbonate is released into the small intestine by the pancreas so the gastric juice does not burn the duodenum lining. 
• HCl in the stomach is essential in killing harmful bacteria, so that it is not absorbed into the body. It also changes the pH of salivary amylase, rendering it useless.
• Mucus protects stomach lining from the wrath of HCl.

Biological Molecules

There's a review booklet.

Oh hey, maybe I actually get this stuff..